Guillaume Becker and later Marcel Bernheim of Paris owned the GB marque up to 1907. Bernheim's directory entry shrunk to just his address in 1909. By the time of WW1 cards with the sloping GB logo with the swirl below appear. Some name Artige & Cie as the publisher or printer. These marques may be unconnected. 

Marcel Bernheim is listed in 1907 at 25 rue d’Hauteville, Paris, explicitly tied to the G.B. marque and advertising Paris views. A separate listing that same year shows Imprimerie Photo-Mécanique at 154/155 boulevard Magenta under Léon Bernheim. Both disappear from the 1914 directory, suggesting a reshuffle or closure before WWI.

Later, Galerie Marcel Bernheim is documented at 2 bis, rue de Caumartin, Paris (the gallery continued mid-century)

Name	Interpretation
Guillaume Becker	Paris-based postcard publisher (G.B. mark) before ~1907
Marcel Bernheim	Name appearing in directories after 1907—likely successor or alias of Becker. Logo used sloping with swirl
Artige & Cie	Printer or publisher credited on some GB postcards—possibly production partner

What Are Jewish Stereotypes? Definition, Examples, and Background

Jewish stereotypes are oversimplified and often misleading ideas about Jewish people, their culture, or their beliefs. These generalizations can be positive, negative, or neutral in tone, but they usually ignore the diversity and individuality within Jewish communities.

Definition

A Jewish stereotype is any generalized assumption about Jewish people based on religion, ethnicity, or culture, rather than on the individual. While some stereotypes may appear flattering, all stereotypes reduce individuals to a set of traits and can contribute to prejudice or discrimination.

Background

• Origins – Many stereotypes emerged over centuries, shaped by historical events, religious differences, economic roles, and political tensions.
• Common themes – They may involve assumptions about appearance, wealth, intelligence, religious observance, or social behavior.
• Impact – Even seemingly “positive” stereotypes can be harmful by reinforcing bias and misunderstanding.
• Modern context – Today, stereotypes still appear in media, literature, and casual conversation, sometimes unconsciously. Countering them requires education, accurate representation, and dialogue.

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